This chapter examines the history and development of computerized neuropsychological assessment devices. The description includes early attempts at automation and interpretation, followed by a period of disillusionment, and finally resurgence for return-to-play decisions. In addition to an account of various commercially available applications for computerized assessments, "common currency" assessments such as the NIH Toolbox are presented. There is also a breakdown of strengths and limitations of computerized neuropsychological assessment devices. Strengths include their potential to augment task administration, scoring, collection of normative data, and in some cases interpret tests. In addition to administration issues, advantages have been noted for complex stimulus presentation and response logging. A number of concerns have also been raised. A notable concern is whether the patient's perception of the computer-generated stimuli and responses to the computerized administration is significantly different from traditional paper-and-pencil measures. A further concern is the varying familiarity levels that individuals may have of computer software and interfaces (e.g., mouse and keyboard). These issues may result in a failure of computer-administered tests to deliver results that are identical (or even comparable) to a paper-and-pencil test administered by an examiner. Finally, the chapter concludes with a reference to the need for future computerized assessments to deliver ecologically valid assessments.