China today is in the critical historical period transiting from a centrally planned economy to a socialist market economy. The way to understand modern market economy and its value orientation and how to establish and implement consistently the correct value goals during the construction of a new economic system, will play a very important role in the realization of China's socialist modernization ultimately. And it matters much as to the construction of a socialist market economic system. This essay focuses on the value orientations of modern market economic system.